Labor laws, also known as employment laws or labor codes, are regulations that govern the relationship between workers, employers, trade unions, and the government. Some examples of labor laws in India include:
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Factories Act, 1948This act aims to ensure good working conditions for factory workers, including their safety, health, welfare, working hours, and leave.
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Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952This act, along with the Employees State Insurance Act, is a significant social security law in India.
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Minimum Wages Act, 1948This act sets minimum wage rates for certain occupations.
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Maternity Benefit ActThis act regulates the employment of women before and after child birth, and provides maternity benefits like leave, wages, bonus, and nursing breaks.
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Industrial Relations Code, 2020This code consolidates and amends laws related to trade unions, employment conditions, and industrial dispute resolution.
Other labor laws in India include:
- Plantations Labour Act, 1951
- Mines Act, 1952
- Indian Railways Act 1890
- Welfare Fund Act, 1976
Some basic labor laws include:
- Right to work of one's choice
- Right against discrimination
- Prohibition of child labor
- Just and humane conditions of work
- Social security
- Protection of wages
- Redress of grievances
- Right to organize and form trade unions
- Collective bargaining
- Participation in management
Minimum Wages Act, 1948
This act governs wage rates, which are determined by individual states. For example, in Karnataka, highly skilled workers are entitled to a minimum wage of INR 15,424 per month.
Recent Representations
Recent representations of labor law in India include the new labor codes and other labor laws:
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New labor codesThe four new labor codes are:
- The Code on Social Security, 2020
- The Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code, 2020
- The Industrial Relations Code, 2020
- The Code on Wages, 2019
- These codes aim to simplify and consolidate the 29 existing central labor and industrial laws.
- The Code on Social Security, 2020
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Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952This act applies to establishments with 20 or more employees, and to employees earning less than Rs. 15,000 per month. It provides for the creation of provident funds, pension funds, and deposit-linked insurance funds for employees21.
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Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970This act regulates the employment of contract labor and provides for the abolition of contract labor in certain cases.
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Indian Maternity Benefit Act, 1961This act provides for 20 weeks of paid maternity leave for female employees who have worked for at least 80 days.
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Factories Act, 1948This act regulates the working conditions in factories, including health, safety, and welfare
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